Joy Cancer Awareness Month: Radiation treatment performs an essential place in most cancers treatment – Dr Stephen Kpatsi – Life Pulse Daily
Editor-in-chiefOctober 10, 20255 Mins read11
Joy Cancer Awareness Month: Why Radiation Therapy Is a Cornerstone of Modern Cancer Care – Dr. Stephen Kpatsi
Introduction
During Joy FM’s Super Morning Show in October 2025, clinical and radiation oncologist Dr. Stephen Kpatsi highlighted the pivotal role of radiation therapy in the fight against cancer. Speaking as part of the national Cancer Awareness Month series, he addressed widespread misconceptions, explained how the technology works, and offered practical guidance for patients in Ghana. This article expands on his key messages, providing a comprehensive, SEO‑optimised guide for anyone seeking reliable information about radiation oncology.
Analysis
What Is Radiation Therapy?
Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) uses precisely calibrated beams of high‑energy photons, electrons, or neutrons to damage the DNA of cancer cells. By disrupting the cells’ ability to replicate, the treatment either kills the tumour outright or halts its growth, allowing the body’s immune system to clear the remaining cells.
How It Differs From Surgery and Chemotherapy
- Surgery physically removes the tumour but cannot address microscopic disease that has spread beyond the visible margins.
- Chemotherapy circulates drugs through the bloodstream, affecting both cancerous and healthy cells, often causing systemic side effects.
- Radiation therapy is a localized, non‑invasive modality. The beams are invisible, similar to sunlight, and target only the defined tumour volume while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.
Common Cancer Types Treated With Radiation
In Ghana, radiation oncology departments routinely manage:
- Breast cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Head and neck tumours
- Soft‑tissue sarcomas
- Brain tumours and other central‑nervous‑system malignancies
Typical Treatment Schedules
Radiation is usually delivered in fractionated doses—small daily sessions (often 5 days a week) over several weeks. This approach maximises tumour control while allowing normal cells to repair.
| Cancer Type | Typical Number of Fractions | Overall Treatment Time |
|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer | 20–39 fractions | 4–8 weeks |
| Breast cancer (conservative surgery) | 25–30 fractions | 5–6 weeks |
| Palliative bone metastases | 5–10 fractions | 1–2 weeks |
Cost Considerations in Ghana
Public hospitals under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) often subsidise a portion of the radiotherapy fee, making it more affordable than travelling abroad for treatment. Private facilities may charge higher rates, but the cost is still considerably lower than overseas options.
Summary
Radiation therapy is a safe, effective, and widely accessible component of cancer management in Ghana. Dr. Kpatsi emphasised that early detection paired with timely radiotherapy can lead to complete cure for many patients, especially those with breast, prostate, and cervical cancers. Dispelling myths—such as the belief that patients become “radioactive”—is essential to improve uptake and outcomes.
Key Points
- Radiation therapy uses high‑energy rays to target tumour DNA while sparing healthy tissue.
- It is a cornerstone treatment for breast, prostate, cervical, head‑and‑neck, and many other cancers.
- Typical regimens involve daily fractions over 3–8 weeks, depending on cancer type and stage.
- The NHIS covers part of the cost in public centres; private care is more expensive but still cheaper than overseas treatment.
- Patients do not become radioactive after treatment; only the tumour area receives exposure.
- Early presentation dramatically improves cure rates.
Practical Advice
1. Recognise Early Warning Signs
Common red‑flag symptoms include a new lump, unexplained weight loss, persistent pain, abnormal bleeding, or changes in bowel or bladder habits. Prompt medical attention increases the chance of curative treatment.
2. Ask the Right Questions at Your Oncology Appointment
- What is the purpose of radiation in my treatment plan (curative vs. palliative)?
- How many fractions will I need, and what is the schedule?
- What side‑effects should I anticipate, and how can they be managed?
- Will my NHIS cover part of the cost, and what out‑of‑pocket expenses should I expect?
- What support services (nutrition, physiotherapy, counselling) are available?
3. Prepare Physically and Emotionally
Maintain a balanced diet, stay hydrated, and engage in light exercise if tolerated. Emotional support groups, especially those run by cancer NGOs, can reduce anxiety and improve adherence.
4. Follow Post‑Treatment Care Instructions
After completing radiation, patients should keep follow‑up appointments for imaging and clinical review. Skin care (using mild soaps, avoiding sun exposure) and monitoring for late effects (e.g., fibrosis) are critical.
Points of Caution
- Radiation‑induced side effects—such as skin erythema, fatigue, or temporary swallowing difficulties—are usually mild and resolve after treatment.
- Rare but serious complications (e.g., radiation necrosis, secondary malignancies) may appear years later; lifelong surveillance is recommended for high‑risk sites.
- Patients with implanted electronic devices (pacemakers, insulin pumps) should inform the radiation team, as certain beam energies can interfere with device function.
- Pregnant women should avoid radiation to the abdomen or pelvis unless the benefit outweighs the risk.
Comparison
Radiation Therapy vs. Surgery
Advantages of radiation: non‑invasive, organ‑preserving, suitable for tumours in hard‑to‑reach locations. Limitations: requires daily visits, may cause gradual side effects.
Radiation Therapy vs. Chemotherapy
Advantages of radiation: localized effect, fewer systemic toxicities. Limitations: ineffective against widespread metastatic disease when used alone.
Public vs. Private Radiotherapy Centres in Ghana
| Aspect | Public (NHIS‑supported) | Private |
|---|---|---|
| Cost to patient | Partially subsidised; lower out‑of‑pocket | Higher fees; limited insurance coverage |
| Waiting time | Potentially longer due to demand | Typically shorter |
| Equipment | Linear accelerators (6‑MV, 10‑MV) | Often newer models, IMRT/VMAT capabilities |
| Geographic access | Located in major teaching hospitals (e.g., Korle‑Bu) | Concentrated in Accra and Kumasi |
Legal Implications
Patients have a legal right to informed consent before any radiotherapy procedure. This includes:
- A clear explanation of the intended benefits, risks, and alternatives.
- Disclosure of the estimated cost and insurance coverage.
- The opportunity to ask questions and receive answers in a language they understand.
Under Ghanaian health law, failure to obtain valid consent may expose the provider to civil liability. Moreover, the NHIS Act mandates that publicly funded facilities must provide essential cancer services, including radiotherapy, within reasonable timeframes. Patients who experience undue delays can file complaints with the Ghana Medical Association or the Health Facilities Regulatory Agency.
Conclusion
Radiation therapy stands as an indispensable weapon against cancer in Ghana. Dr. Stephen Kpatsi’s message during Joy Cancer Awareness Month underscores that the treatment is safe, effective, and increasingly affordable—especially when patients seek care early and rely on credible information rather than myths. By understanding how radiation works, what to expect during treatment, and their legal rights, patients and families can make empowered decisions that improve survival and quality of life.
FAQ
Is radiation therapy painful?
Most patients experience mild discomfort similar to a sunburn or fatigue. Pain is uncommon and can be managed with topical agents and rest.
Will I become radioactive after my sessions?
No. The radiation source is external; once the beam is turned off, there is no residual radioactivity in the patient’s body.
Can radiation therapy cure all cancers?
Radiation can cure many early‑stage tumours (e.g., localized breast, prostate, cervical cancers). Advanced or metastatic disease often requires a multimodal approach that includes chemotherapy, surgery, or immunotherapy.
How much does a full course of radiotherapy cost in Ghana?
Costs vary. In public hospitals, NHIS may cover 30‑70% of the fee; the remaining amount can range from GHS 500 to GHS 2,500. Private centres can charge upwards of GHS 4,000 for the same regimen.
What side effects should I monitor after treatment?
Short‑term effects include skin redness, mild swelling, and fatigue. Long‑term surveillance focuses on fibrosis, organ function (e.g., lung capacity after chest irradiation), and rare secondary cancers.
Is radiation therapy safe for children?
Yes, but paediatric protocols use lower doses and highly conformal techniques (e.g., IMRT, proton therapy) to minimise impact on growing tissues.
Video Resource
Watch Dr. Kpatsi’s full interview for a deeper understanding of radiation therapy in Ghana:
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