Mpox nonetheless actively circulating in Nigeria, professionals warn

Introduction: Mpox Remains a Public Health Threat in Nigeria

Despite improvements in disease surveillance, mpox (formerly monkeypox) continues to actively circulate in Nigeria, posing significant risks to public health. Leading experts, including former Health Minister Prof. Isaac Adewole, warn that complacency could allow the virus to become permanently established in the country. This article explores the current status of the mpox outbreak in Nigeria, expert recommendations, and actionable strategies to mitigate its spread.

Why Mpox Demands Immediate Attention

Mpox’s potential transition from sporadic outbreaks to endemic status mirrors the trajectory of Lassa fever in Nigeria. With seven concurrent disease outbreaks being managed by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), experts emphasize the need for coordinated action to prevent further escalation.

Analysis: Expert Insights on Nigeria’s Mpox Challenge

The Evolving Nature of Mpox Transmission

Prof. Isaac Adewole highlights the virus’s adaptability, noting its ability to spread across communities within hours due to Nigeria’s interconnected transportation networks. “In five hours, you can reach Lagos from Calabar, and another five hours to Sokoto. No one should assume immunity,” he cautioned during a recent public health webinar.

Healthcare System Pressures

Dermatologist Dr. Sebastine Oiwoh, drawing from clinical experience since Nigeria’s 2017 mpox emergence, emphasizes the dual burden of physical symptoms and social stigma. Patients often face cutaneous sequelae like scarring and hyperpigmentation, along with lasting psychological impacts.

Diagnostic and Treatment Gaps

Key challenges identified by experts include:

• Limited vaccination coverage among healthcare workers
• Inconsistent implementation of home-based care protocols
• Delays in ocular complication management

Summary: Current Status of Mpox in Nigeria

As of late 2025, Nigeria faces a complex public health landscape with mpox circulating alongside other infectious diseases. While surveillance improvements have enhanced detection, experts identify three critical vulnerabilities:

1. Asymptomatic transmission in non-endemic areas
2. Vaccination gaps in high-risk populations
3. Persistent disease stigma hindering reporting

Key Points: Essential Facts About Mpox in Nigeria

• Transmission Risk: Virus spreads through close contact and bodily fluids
• High-Risk Groups: Healthcare workers, immunocompromised individuals, and densely populated communities
• Geographic Spread: Present across multiple states with evolving transmission patterns

Practical Advice: Preventing Mpox Spread

For Individuals

• Practice thorough hand hygiene with alcohol-based sanitizers
• Avoid contact with infected persons or contaminated materials
• Seek immediate care for unexplained rashes or fevers

For Healthcare Providers

• Implement strict infection control protocols
• Prioritize vaccination for frontline workers
• Utilize telemedicine for remote consultations

Points of Caution: Common Missteps to Avoid

• Don’t dismiss mild cases as insignificant
• Avoid stigmatizing affected individuals
• Never attempt home treatment for ocular complications

Comparison: Mpox vs. Other Nigerian Disease Threats

Legal Implications: Public Health Regulations

While no travel restrictions currently exist, experts warn that unchecked spread could lead to:

• Mandatory testing requirements for travelers
• Quarantine protocols for exposed individuals
• Increased reporting obligations for healthcare facilities

Conclusion: Urgent Action Needed to Prevent Endemic Status

Nigeria stands at a critical juncture in mpox management. Through coordinated vaccination efforts, community education, and strengthened healthcare infrastructure, the country can prevent permanent establishment of this dangerous pathogen. As Prof. Adewole states: “The time to act is now.”

FAQ: Common Questions About Mpox in Nigeria

Can mpox be cured?

While no specific cure exists, symptoms can be managed through supportive care. Most patients recover within 2-4 weeks.

Is mpox fatal?

Case fatality rates in Nigeria remain below 3%, but risks increase for immunocompromised individuals.